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81.
天然水体中有机酸当量浓度的确定方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文根据天然水体中溶解有机在碳与化学需氧量和生化需氧量之间的相关性,以及有机酸当量和水体溶解有机碳之间的近似定量关系,提出了由化学需氧量或生化需氧量得到溶解有机碳或总有机碳浓度,最终得到有机酸和有机酸根当量浓度的转换方法,为大区域天然水体有机酸碱缓冲作用的评估提供了一个实用的转换途径。 相似文献
82.
Heavy Metals in the Bed and Suspended Sediments of Anyang River, Korea: Implications for Water Quality 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The objective of this study is to compare Anyang River bed sediments with water chemical composition and to assess the anthropogenic chemical inputs into the river system. Eight sampling locations were chosen along the river channel. Bed and suspended river sediments and water samples were collected, and analyzed for their chemical and physical composition. Data revealed that trace element concentrations in the river water were generally below world average, except for As, Mn, Ni and Cr. Among the three phases: water, bed and suspended sediment, more than 99% of the trace elements was associated with the bed sediment. Concentrations of trace elements in the sediment were a function a particle size distribution and organic content. The calculated degrees of enrichment based on the least influenced sample (ASD 1) indicated the river sediments were enriched with respect to background. The enrichment factors for Pb, Zn and As were relatively lower than for Cr, Co, Ni and Zn. The difference in the enrichment seems to reflect the human activities influence in the basin, and specially for Cd. Speciation of the elements in the five different chemical forms in the sediment by sequential extraction indicated that the reducible fraction was predominant for Fe, Zinc and Cu showed an irregular variation among the different fractions; whereas, Cd and Pb were more regular. Zinc and Cu highly existed mostly in exchangeable forms. Acid soluble and reducible forms were also important for most metals. The speciation implies that the metals associated with the sediment are subject to release into water bodies as goechemical variables (pH and Eh) change. Currently, the introduced metals are deposited near the source area and are mostly associated with the sediment, implying that the river bed sediment acts mainly as a sink, rather than a pool. The accumulated and enriched toxic trace elements can pose a potential pollution of river water. 相似文献
83.
Application of a coupled ecosystem-chemical equilibrium model, DayCent-Chem, to stream and soil chemistry in a Rocky Mountain watershed 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen species have the potential to acidify terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, but nitrate and ammonium are also critical nutrients for plant and microbial productivity. Both the ecological response and the hydrochemical response to atmospheric deposition are of interest to regulatory and land management agencies. We developed a non-spatial biogeochemical model to simulate soil and surface water chemistry by linking the daily version of the CENTURY ecosystem model (DayCent) with a low temperature aqueous geochemical model, PHREEQC. The coupled model, DayCent-Chem, simulates the daily dynamics of plant production, soil organic matter, cation exchange, mineral weathering, elution, stream discharge, and solute concentrations in soil water and stream flow. By aerially weighting the contributions of separate bedrock/talus and tundra simulations, the model was able to replicate the measured seasonal and annual stream chemistry for most solutes for Andrews Creek in Loch Vale watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park. Simulated soil chemistry, net primary production, live biomass, and soil organic matter for forest and tundra matched well with measurements. This model is appropriate for accurately describing ecosystem and surface water chemical response to atmospheric deposition and climate change. 相似文献
84.
赣南小流域的水文地球化学特征和主要风化过程 总被引:13,自引:4,他引:13
对赣南花岗岩小流域进行采样、测试及分析,发现其河水含有较低的矿化度,水化学组成以Na ,Ca2 ,Cl-1和HCO-3为主,溶解性Si的含量明显较高,代表了典型硅酸盐地区河流的相应化学组成.通过Gibbs图分析,赣南流域大部分地区受大气降水的影响比较显著,"蒸发-浓缩"类型的小流域也较多.根据主成分分析和因子分析的结果,定量地估算了大气中CO2和三类岩石对河水中各种离子的贡献比例.与黄河相比,赣南流域受硅酸盐岩风化作用强烈,但主要影响因素仍是碳酸盐和蒸发盐岩,二者对赣南流域溶解质的贡献率分别为42.8%和29.2%,大气中CO2对河水溶解质的贡献率为21.4%,低于世界平均水平.主要风化反应以岩盐和方解石的溶解为主,Si/(Na* K)比值较低,说明风化反应在表生环境中进行,其产物是富含阳离子的次生矿物. 相似文献
85.
86.
废钻井液污染分析及处理方法的探讨 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
为解决废钻井液对周围环境的污染,介绍了废钻井液的成分及对环境的影响,分析了国内外废钻井液处理方法的优缺点,详细阐述了中原油田结合本单位情况,用无害化处理技术处理废钻井液的方法和效果。试验表明:无害化处理剂中的各组分与废钻井液中各污染因子发生化学和物理作用,经3~5个月固化后可以达到无害化处理的目的。分析认为:中原油田钻井废弃物无害化处理技术是切实可行的。 相似文献
87.
88.
海南三亚近岸海域水化学要素的分布特征和变化规律 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
本文调查研究了海南三亚近岸海域水化学要素的浓度和分布,结果表明:(1)表层DO、NO-2、NO-3、NH+4、PO3-4和COD的平均浓度分别为411.9、0.05、0.47、1.79、0.16μmol/dm3和1.31mg/L。(2)河流输入对沿岸海域水化学要素的影响主要集中于NH+4和COD,对PO3-4和NO-3的浓度影响不明显,海域总体为一贫营养盐区域。采用主成分分析表明控制水化学要素的主要因子是河流的输入和由此导致了的生物旺发。 相似文献
89.
Trotta F Cravotto G Casile G 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(3):144-146
Chiral, atropisomeric 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl has been extensively used to direct asymmetric processes. Its key role in asymmetric catalysis has spurred efforts to synthesize it in the optically pure form, but the reported synthetic routes have a significant environmental impact. In an aqueous peroxydase-cyclodextrin system the oxidative coupling of 2-naphthol took place very rapidly in almost quantitative yield and resulted in an enantiomeric excess. This one-pot synthesis do not require any organic solvents and oxidising metal cations. 相似文献
90.